{"id":88,"date":"2026-09-18T16:30:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T16:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/?page_id=88"},"modified":"2026-09-25T20:29:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T20:29:33","slug":"behavior-and-cognition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/publications\/behavior-and-cognition\/","title":{"rendered":"Behavior and Cognition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
\n To read more about our research on dog behavior and cognition, explore the articles and abstracts below\n <\/blockquote>\n\n\n
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Behavior<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n
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\n \"Dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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The Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome Working Group guidelines for diagnosis and monitoring of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Olby NJ, Gruen ME, Araujo J, Johnson P, Kubinyi E, Landsberg G, Latimer CS, McGrath
S, Moreno JA, McKenzie B, Tarantino M, Volk H. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2025 Dec 24;264(4):498-505. doi: 10.2460\/javma.25.10.0668.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Current Practices for Diagnosis and Management of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome in the United States<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Simon KE, Gruen ME , Olby NJ. Front. Vet. Sci. 12:1685430. doi: 10.3389\/fvets.2025.1685430<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"apprehensive\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Considerations for Behavioral Euthanasia<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

North M, Gruen ME. Behavioral Euthanasia (accepted in Today\u2019s Veterinary Practice
July 2025).<\/p>\n\t \t \n

View Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/a>\n\n\n\n \n

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\n \"dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Longitudinal Evidence for the Emergence of Multiple Intelligences in Assistance Dog Puppies<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Salomons H, Ferrans M, Cusato C, Moore K, Woods V, Bray E, Kennedy B, Block T, Douglas L, Roberts A, Gruen ME, Hare B. 2024 Sep 26:2024.09.26.615218. doi: 10.1101\/2024.09.26.615218.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"sheep\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Compression Wraps as an Anxiolytic in Domesticated Dogs<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Mathis S, Schoolfield S, Gross P, Gruen M, Dorman DC. Animals (Basel). 2024 Nov 28;14(23):3445.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia\/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Munoz AC, Jones JM, Griffith EH, Gruen ME. (2024) Animals\u00a014(4), 545<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"protected\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in dogs compared to wolves raised with more human exposure<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Solomons H, Smith K, Callahan-Beckel M, Callahan M, Levy K, Kennedy BS, Bray E, Gnanadesikan GE, Horschler DJ, Gruen M, Tan J, White P, MacLean E, Hare B. (2023), Learn Behav<\/em>\u00a051<\/strong>, 131\u2013134<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"Relationship\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Relationship Between Engagement with the Impossible Task, Cognitive Testing, and Cognitive Questionnaires in a Population of Aging Dogs<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Khan MZ, Mondino A, Russell K, Case B, Fefer G, Woods H, Olby N, Gruen ME. (2023) Front. Vet. Sci. 9:1052193.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"sad\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Randomized, Placebo-controlled Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of the Assisi Anti-anxiety Device (Calmer Canine) for the Treatment of Canine Separation Anxiety<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Pankratz, K., Korman, J., Emke, C., Johnson, B., Griffith, E. H., & Gruen, M. E. (2021). Frontiers in Veterinary Science<\/em>, 8<\/em>, 1-10.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"Veterinary\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Veterinary Education and Experience Shape Beliefs About Dog Breeds. Part 1: Pain Sensitivity<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

\u00a0Caddiell RMP, White P, Lascelles BDX, Royal K, Ange van-Heugten, Gruen ME. Sci Rep<\/em> 13, 13846 (2023).<\/em><\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Veterinary Education and Experience Shape Beliefs About Dog Breeds. Part 2: Trust<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Caddiell RMP, White P, Lascelles BDX, Royal K, Ange van-Heugten, Gruen ME.\u00a0Sci Rep 13<\/em>, 13847 (2023)<\/em><\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"sad\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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A Literature Review: Pet Bereavement and Coping Mechanisms<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Park, R. M., Royal, K. D., & Gruen, M. E. (2021). Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science<\/em>, 24<\/em>(2), 1-16.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Pain Sensitivity Differs Between Dog Breeds But Not in the Way Veterinarians Believe<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Caddiell RMP, Cunningham RM, White P, Lascelles BDX*, Gruen ME. (2023). Frontiers in Pain Research<\/em>, 4<\/em>.
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\n \"bull\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Evaluation of Pexion\u00ae (Imepitoin) for Treatment of Storm Anxiety in Dogs: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Perdew, I., Emke, C., Johnson, B., Dixit, V., Song, Y., Griffith, E. H., . . . Gruen, M. E. (2021). The Veterinary Record<\/em>, 188<\/em>(9), e18.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Association Between Dog Owner Demographics and Decision to Seek Veterinary Care<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Park, R. M., Gruen, M. E., & Royal, K. (2021). Veterinary Sciences, 8 <\/em>(1), 1-19.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Evaluation of Repeated Dosing of a Dexmedetomidine Oromucosal Gel for Treatment of Noise Aversion in Dogs Over a Series of Noise Events<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Gruen, M., Case, B. C., Robertson, J. B., Campbell, S., & Korpivaara, M. E. (2020). Veterinary Record, 187<\/em>(12), 489-495.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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A Systematic Literature Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part I): Methods and Results<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Holder, T. R. N., Gruen, M. E., Roberts, D. L., Somers, T., & Bozkurt, A. (2020). Integrative Cancer Therapies, 19<\/em>, 1-19.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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A Systematic Literature Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part II): Theoretical Mechanisms and Frameworks<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Holder, T. R. N., Gruen, M. E., Roberts, D. L., Somers, T., & Bozkurt, A. (2020). Integrative Cancer Therapies, 19<\/em>, 1-18.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Preliminary Evaluation of a Wearable Sensor System for Heart Rate Assessment in Guide Dog Puppies<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Foster, M., Brugarolas, R., Walker, K., Mealin, S., Cleghern, Z., Yuschak, S., . . . Bozkurt, A. (2020). IEEE Sensors Journal, 20<\/em>(16), 9449-9459.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Effect of Wearing a Telemetry Jacket on Behavioral and Physiologic Parameters of Dogs in the Open-field Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Fish, R. E., Foster, M. L., Gruen, M. E., Sherman, B. L., & Dorman, D. C. (2017).. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 56<\/em>(4), 382-389.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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A Test for the Evaluation of Emotional Reactivity in Labrador Retrievers Used for Explosives Detection<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Sherman, B. L., Gruen, M. E., Case, B. C., Foster, M. L., Fish, R. E., Lazarowski, L., . . . Dorman, D. C. (2015). Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 10<\/em>(2), 94-102.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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The Use of an Open-field Model to Assess Sound-induced Fear and Anxiety-associated Behaviors in Labrador Retrievers<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Gruen, M. E., Case, B. C., Foster, M. L., Lazarowski, L., Fish, R. E., Landsberg, G., . . . Sherman, B. L. (2015).\u00a0Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 10<\/em>(4), 338-345.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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cognition<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n
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Cooperative Communication with Humans Evolved to Emerge Early in Domestic Dogs<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Salomons, H., Smith, K. C. M., Callahan-Beckel, M., Callahan, M., Levy, K., Kennedy, B. S., . . . Hare, B. (2021). <\/strong>Current Biology, 31<\/em>(14), 3137-3144.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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Dog Cognitive Development: A Longitudinal Study Across the First 2 Years of Life<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Bray, E. E., Gruen, M. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J., Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., . . . MacLean, E. L. (2021). Animal Cognition, 24<\/em>(2), 311-328.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"Dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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A Brief Report of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Quotas in a Population of Dog Owners in North Carolina, USA<\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Patel, U. A., Gruen, M. E., & Samson, D. R. (2021). bioRxiv, <\/em>1-14.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Cognitive Characteristics of 8- to 10-week-old Assistance Dog Puppies<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Bray, E. E., Gruen, M. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J., Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., . . . MacLean, E. L. (2020).\u00a0<\/strong>Animal Behaviour, 166,<\/em> 193-206.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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A Functional Linear Modeling Approach to Sleep-wake Cycles in Dogs<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Woods, H. J., Li, M. F., Patel, U. A., Lascelles, B. D. X., Sampson, D. R., & Gruen, M. G. (2020). Scientific Reports, 10,\u00a0<\/em>1-8.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"dog\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Does the Cognitive Bias Test in Dogs Depend on Spatial Learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Gruen, M. E., Foster, M. L., Lazarowski, L., Jeffries, A., Sherman, B. L., & Dorman, D. C. (2019).\u00a0Journal of Veterinary Behavior<\/em>,\u00a033<\/em>, 1-6.<\/em><\/p>\n\t \t \n

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\n \"closeup\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Acquisition of a Visual Discrimination and Reversal Learning Task by Labrador Retrievers<\/strong><\/h3>\n \n\n \n\t \t

Lazarowski, L., Foster, M. L., Gruen, M. E., Sherman, B. L., Case, B. C., Fish, R. E., . . . Dorman, D. C. (2014).\u00a0Animal Cognition, 17<\/em>(3), 787-792.<\/p>\n\t \t \n

View Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6858,"featured_media":0,"parent":28,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","ncst_content_audit_display":false,"ncst_backToTopFlag":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-88","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6858"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":162,"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88\/revisions\/162"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvm.ncsu.edu\/comparative-behavioral-research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}