Ronald Baynes

Large scale testing of chemical protective apparel for the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) Joint Project Manager CBRN Protection (JPM CBRN P) is an important part of its assessment for use in the field. Due to the high toxicity of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), the skin dose incurred under relevant exposure scenarios is assessed using a simulant with similar physical properties. Methyl Salicylate (MeS) is a commonly used simulant for assessing sulfur mustard (HD) exposure. The dose of MeS in contact with the skin is currently estimated via its uptake onto Passive Adsorbent Dosimeters (PADs) placed at several sampling points across the body of human test participants. The degree to which the data collected by these samplers represent an actual whole-body dose is poorly understood. Typically, the measured amounts of MeS on each sampler are analyzed through a Body Region Hazard Analysis to determine the protection factor at each sampler location as well as a summation of all data points to estimate a systemic or total body protection factor. Having a better understanding of whole-body dose following skin exposure to MeS would enable more accurate assessments of the effectiveness of vapor-protective clothing.

The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) program is a chemical food safety program that has been in existence for almost 40 years. This has been a collaborative effort by scientists from five veterinary colleges at North Carolina State University, University of California Davis, University of Florida, Kansas State University, and Virginia Tech Virginia-Maryland. The goal of FARAD is to provide the most updated information resulting in the production of safe foods of animal origin through the prevention and mitigation of violative chemical (drug, pesticide, natural toxins, and environmental contaminant) residues. The program accomplishes this through its objectives which are to identify, extract, assemble, evaluate and distribute reviewed information about residue avoidance and mitigation to persons such as veterinarians, extension agents, and regulatory scientists involved in residue avoidance programs throughout the United States. Each of the FARAD centers has expertise for delivery of the required information which eliminates redundancies and allows for smooth collaboration of collective talents unique to the field of veterinary pharmacokinetics research and related database management. The primary role of FARAD at NCSU is to respond to residue cases in livestock from food animal veterinarians and extension specialist, develop a population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) ��� Responder interface that takes into account population variance while facilitating its use by FARAD responders on the front lines of residue cases, and to provide research support that attempts to validate estimated withdrawal intervals following extralabel drug use. The latter is the primary reason why FARAD is utilized in residue cases.

The per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) family of chemicals has been used extensively across many commercial products for decades, but their persistent and toxic nature has resulted in them being linked to multiple adverse health effects in recent years. Firefighters can have increased exposure to these compounds by burning treated materials, working with aqueous film-forming foams, and through contact with their protective clothing, which are often treated with the chemicals to impart repellency. This project seeks to determine the extent to which a selection of PFAS chemicals can transfer from protective clothing and absorb into the skin to improve the health and safety of firefighters.

Ashlyn���s interest in aquatic species health and welfare inspired her to develop the proposed project for this application to develop a protocol for the use of the common NSAID flunixin meglumine in frogs (and potentially other amphibians). The aim of her study is to determine the pharmacokinetics of topical transdermal flunixin meglumine in North American bullfrogs. Dr. Balko, an expert in aquatic species anesthesia and analgesia, Dr. Ron Baynes, a boardcertified veterinary pharmacologist with many years of experience performing clinical pharmacology studies in a variety of species, and Dr. Larry Minter, the Director of Animal Health at the North Carolina Zoo and adjunct NCSU CVM faculty member, will serve as her mentors for this project. This study will provide fundamental pharmacokinetic data to allow application of this therapeutic strategy to frogs and perhaps other amphibians- information critical to health care for these animals as well as pain control that will impact care and use of aquatic animal species such as bullfrogs in biological and biomedical research.

The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) program is a chemical food safety program that has been in existence for more than 38 years. This has been a collaborative effort by scientists from five veterinary colleges at North Carolina State University, University of California Davis, University of Florida, Kansas State University, and Virginia Tech Virginia-Maryland. The goal of FARAD is to provide the most updated information resulting in the production of safe foods of animal origin through the prevention and mitigation of violative chemical (drug, pesticide, natural toxins, and environmental contaminant) residues. The program accomplishes this through its objectives which are to identify, extract, assemble, evaluate and distribute reviewed information about residue avoidance and mitigation to persons such as veterinarians, extension agents, and regulatory scientists involved in residue avoidance programs throughout the United States. Each of the FARAD centers has expertise for delivery of the required information which eliminates redundancies and allows for smooth collaboration of collective talents unique to the field of veterinary pharmacokinetics research and related database management. The primary role of FARAD at NCSU is to respond to residue cases in livestock from food animal veterinarians and extension specialist, develop a population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) ������������������ Responder interface that takes into account population variance while facilitating its use by FARAD responders on the front lines of residue cases, and to provide research support that attempts to validate estimated withdrawal intervals following extralabel drug use. The latter is the primary reason why FARAD is utilized in residue cases.

The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) program is a chemical food safety program that has been in existence for more than 37 years. This has been a collaborative effort by scientists from five veterinary colleges at North Carolina State University, University of California Davis, University of Florida, Kansas State University, and Virginia Tech Virginia-Maryland. The goal of FARAD is to provide the most updated information resulting in the production of safe foods of animal origin through the prevention and mitigation of violative chemical (drug, pesticide, natural toxins, and environmental contaminant) residues. The program accomplishes this through its objectives which are to identify, extract, assemble, evaluate and distribute reviewed information about residue avoidance and mitigation to persons such as veterinarians, extension agents, and regulatory scientists involved in residue avoidance programs throughout the United States. Each of the FARAD centers has expertise for delivery of the required information which eliminates redundancies and allows for smooth collaboration of collective talents unique to the field of veterinary pharmacokinetics research and related database management. The primary role of FARAD at NCSU is to respond to residue cases in livestock from food animal veterinarians and extension specialist, develop a population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) ������������������ Responder interface that takes into account population variance while facilitating its use by FARAD responders on the front lines of residue cases, and to provide research support that attempts to validate estimated withdrawal intervals following extralabel drug use. The latter is the primary reason why FARAD is utilized in residue cases.

The majority of underserved regions identified in the USDA VMLRP cannot support a food animal exclusive veterinarian, posing a significant risk to food safety through violative drug residues. Therefore, it is critical that we educate mixed animal, small animal and equine veterinarians on appropriate drug use and residue avoidance in food animals as these practitioners must be the primary resource for farms in underserved areas. To meet this need, we will leverage the resources of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) to provide targeted outreach and education to these practitioners. This will include in person continuing education seminars on residue avoidance at national and regional conferences that cater to non-food animal practitioners. Futher, online training modules will broaden the impact of the training to reach veterinarians across the country. These efforts will expand the reach of FARAD, increasing the number of requests for assistance. To appropriately respond to this anticipated increase in demand, we will create a combined internship program in residue avoidance and food animal medicine. These interns will be prepared to enter rural practice or an advanced training program. During this yearlong training, they will assist with the outreach described above and respond to withdrawal requests from practitioners. The expected outcomes of this project include broadly educating rural non-food animal practitioners in residue avoidance to assist in underserved areas, supporting FARAD to respond to these practitioners' needs, and preparing a group of veterinarians to directly address the needs of rural areas through a collaborative internship program.

Castration is a common procedure performed on US swine farms to prevent unwanted breeding, reduce aggression and improve meat quality. This procedure results in pain experienced by the piglet as demonstrated by physiological and behavioral deviations from normal (Prunier et al., 2006). Providing pain relief to livestock is necessary to maintain consumer trust and improve animal welfare, but to date, there are no drugs currently labeled for analgesia in swine in the United States (US). Transdermal flunixin is approved for use in cattle for pain management associated with foot rot. This product can be utilized for pain management in piglets undergoing castration as part of the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA). Given ease of administration, flunixin administered topically may be a promising product that can effectively be implemented into a large commercial swine system. To date, no published studies have evaluated the efficacy of transdermal flunixin on pain mitigation in castrated piglets. Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the efficacy of transdermal flunixin on acute pain mitigation in castrated piglets. In addition, logistics of implementing this pain management procedure including labor and cost will be quantified to further understand the economic impact and applicability of implementing pain management procedures during castration.

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is a chemical food safety program that has been in existence for more than 37 years. This has been a collaborative effort by scientists from four veterinary colleges at North Carolina State University, University of California Davis, University of Florida, Kansas State University, and recently Virginia Tech Virginia-Maryland in 2018-2019. The goal of FARAD is to provide the most updated information resulting in the production of safe foods of animal origin through the prevention and mitigation of violative chemical (drug, pesticide, natural toxins, and environmental contaminant) residues. The program accomplishes this through its objectives which are to identify, extract, assemble, evaluate and distribute reviewed information about residue avoidance and mitigation to persons such as veterinarians, extension agents, and regulatory scientists involved in residue avoidance programs throughout the United States. Each of the FARAD centers has expertise for delivery of the required information which eliminates redundancies and allows for smooth collaboration of collective talents unique to the field of veterinary pharmacokinetics research and related database management. The primary role of FARAD at NCSU is to respond to residue cases in livestock from food animal veterinarians and extension specialist, develop a population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) ������������������ Responder interface that takes into account population variance while facilitating its use by FARAD responders on the front lines of residue cases, and to provide research support that attempts to validate estimated withdrawal intervals following extralabel drug use. The latter is the primary reason FARAD is utilized in residue cases.

This study will be a preliminary effort to examine the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a new antibiotic potentiator using a goat model of induced mastitis. Lactating goats will be challenged via the mammary gland with a defined culture of a specific Staphylococcus aureus isolate. When clinical mastitis is present, goats will be treated with antibiotics and with or without the potentiator of interest. Endpoints will be compared. A study of pharmacokinetics will be completed during the study and blood and tissue levels of the potentiator will be determined at the endpoint.